Human evolution;sapiens vs Neanderthal hunting skills (Introduction)

by David Turell , Saturday, May 27, 2023, 01:25 (336 days ago) @ David Turell

Sapiens had bows and arrows, the Neanderthals did not:

https://today.uconn.edu/2023/02/new-study-shows-archery-appeared-in-europe-thousands-of...

"A new study published in Science Advances contextualizes the traditions and technological knowledge of early, pioneering Homo sapiens. The study demonstrates the mastery of archery by modern populations and extends the evidence of archery in Europe back by about 40,000 years.

"The researchers analyzed lithic artifacts from a cave in Mediterranean France called Grotte Mandrin, which reveals the oldest occupation of modern humans on the European continent. The study focuses on a very rich level, attributed to the Neronian culture, and testifies to Homo sapiens occupations dating back 54,000 years, interposed between numerous Neanderthal occupations in the cave before and after the modern humans. That’s roughly 10,000 years earlier than what had been previously believed to be the earliest occupation of modern humans in Europe.

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"The study also highlights different traditions in weaponry among Neanderthals – theirs were systematically represented by heavy hasted weapons, thrusted spears, or thrown javelins, used by hand – and illustrates a profound technological contrast between Neanderthal populations and the first modern humans arriving on the European continent.

“'When Neanderthals use their traditional weapons, such as a spear thrusted or thrown by hand, the first modern humans came with bow and arrows technologies,” says Metz. “Bows are used in all environments, open or closed, from the desert, and are effective for all prey sizes. Arrows can be shot quickly, with more precision. Many arrows can be carried in a quiver during a hunting foray. These technologies then allowed an incomparable efficiency in all hunting activities when Neanderthals had to hunt in close or direct contact with their prey, a process that may have been much more complex, more hazardous, and even much more dangerous when hunting large game like bison.”

"The emergence in prehistory of mechanically propelled weapons, such as spear throwers and the bow-and-arrow, is commonly perceived as one of the hallmarks of the advance of modern human populations into the European continent. However, the existence of archery has always been difficult to trace.

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"Based on the analysis of these stone armatures, the recognition of archery is now well documented in Africa, dating back some 70,000 years. Some flint or deer antler armatures suggest the existence of archery from the early phases of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe more than 35,000 years ago, but the morphology and the hafting modes of these ancient armatures do not allow them to be linked to a distinct mode of propulsion, making the possible existence of archery during the European Paleolithic nearly invisible.

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"This study also sheds light on the weaponry of Neanderthal populations, showing that, as contemporaries of Neronian modern humans, Neanderthals did not develop mechanically propelled weapons like technologies using bows or thrusters, and continued to use their traditional weapons based on the use of massive spear-shaped points that were thrusted or thrown by hand, requiring close contact with their game.

"The traditions and technologies mastered by these two populations were therefore profoundly distinct, illustrating a remarkable objective technological advantage for modern human populations during their expansion into the European continent.

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“'Research is ongoing in Grotte Mandrin, and the last field season revealed that the site was far larger than expected and should cover an impressive surface of more than 1,000 square meters, with high density of archeological material even far from the entrance of the cave,” says Metz. “Grotte Mandrin has already totally reshaped our understanding of the last Neanderthals and the first migrations of Sapiens in continental Europe, deeply changing the way we understand this major event in the human history that saw the extinction of our last cousins, leaving for the first time the planet with only 1 hominin species.'”

Comment: propulsive weaponry is a more conceptually elegant form of a fighting or hunting technique. Perhaps we simply outthought them.