Innovation (Introduction)

by David Turell , Monday, May 06, 2013, 16:11 (4018 days ago) @ David Turell

David: I am not sure that Darwin style theory of evolution allows for speciation. All sides of the argument should admit, we don't really know how species appear. Any proposal is pure supposition. My conclusion is that evolution occurred, but under divine controls, more or less, again unclear as to how much or how little.-Note this study I referenced before on speciation:-" Proteins and Genes, Singletons and Species
Branko Kozulić
Gentius Ltd, Petra Kasandrića 6, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
Abstract
Recent experimental data from proteomics and genomics are interpreted here in ways that
challenge the predominant viewpoint in biology according to which the four evolutionary
processes, including mutation, recombination, natural selection and genetic drift, are
sufficient to explain the origination of species. The predominant viewpoint appears
incompatible with the finding that the sequenced genome of each species contains hundreds,
or even thousands, of unique genes - the genes that are not shared with any other species.
These unique genes and proteins, singletons, define the very character of every species.
Moreover, the distribution of protein families from the sequenced genomes indicates that the
complexity of genomes grows in a manner different from that of self-organizing networks:
the dominance of singletons leads to the conclusion that in living organisms a most unlikely
phenomenon can be the most common one. In order to provide proper rationale for these
conclusions related to the singletons, the paper first treats the frequency of functional proteins
among random sequences, followed by a discussion on the protein structure space, and it ends
by questioning the idea that protein domains represent conserved units of evolution."-http://vixra.org/pdf/1105.0025v1.pdf